2. Are the namaz for these ziarat obligatory?

1- They are not part of Ziyarah Warith, but it is better to recite them with it.

2- Prayers for Ziyarah are not obligatory.

[According to the opinion of Sayyid al-Sistani]

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If it is a recommended fast (mustahab) then you have all the way until moments before Maghrib to make your intention (niyyah) to fast for the sake of Allah, provided that you have not eaten or drank during the day and avoided the fast nullifiers.

[According to the opinion of Sayyid al-Sistani]

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If the person is not able to pray while fulfilling all the required conditions, they must wait to pray until they reach the ground if there is enough time before it expires. Otherwise, they must pray in the plane, train, or on the boat, taking into account the qiblah and stability as much as possible and turning towards the direction of the qiblah every time they move away from it. In the event that it is not possible to stand for prayer in a plane, they must [at least] say takbir while standing and then continue the prayer while sitting.

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Fasting is one of the highly recommended acts, and it has been reported that it is a haven from the hellfire and a purification for the body. Moreover, the sleep of a fasting person is [a form of] worship, their breaths and silence are a [form of] glorification, their deeds are accepted, and their supplications are answered. There are many days on which fasting is recommended, most importantly, fasting three days every month (the best method is to fast the first and the last Thursdays and the Wednesday that falls in the second ten days of the [lunar] month. It is also recommended every Thursday and Friday (if they do not coincide with one of the two Eids [al-Adha & al-Fitr]), the day of Arafah, Eid al-Ghadeer (for its reward is equivalent to a hundred pilgrimages and a hundred Umrahs that are accepted by God), the day of Mubahalah, the first, third, and seventh of Muharram, the birthday of the Prophet (pbuh&hp), the day of Maba’th, and the entire months of Rajab and Shaban.

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It is not permissible if doing so arouses others, or is intended to do so, even if the onlooker is of the same gender. Dancing must be refrained from based on obligatory precaution except when a wife dances with her husband, or vice versa, far from the sight of others.

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Cat hair and saliva are not ritually impure and do not invalidate a prayer or fasting. Yes, cat hairs on the clothes invalidate prayers based on the obligatory precaution unless they are a few (e.g., one to three pieces).

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The time for breaking the fast according to Islamic law is the commencement of maghrib prayer which is established by the disappearance of redness in the eastern sky, even for those who know that the sun has set based on obligatory precaution. [Obligatory precaution in this case means a duty-bound person may resort to another qualified jurist who considers it sufficient that maghrib is established upon the disappearance of the sun]. Believers are expected to respect the other views and not to allow those who want to use the difference in jurisprudential views to create disunity among the believers.

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Rinsing the mouth is recommended for ablution (wudhu), yet the fasting person should ensure that they do not swallow any water. If that water inadvertently enters the esophagus, the fast remains valid. However, if rinsing the mouth was not for ablution (wudhu), then the fast would be invalid [if water entered the esophagus]. It is permissible for a fasting person to use a toothbrush to clean their teeth during the day provided they do not swallow anything. A very minute amount that usually dissolves in the saliva does not break the fast, and the fasting person should spit out all the water they rinsed with after brushing their teeth (e.g., by spitting three times) to ensure that nothing goes down the esophagus.

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If they intend to stay there for the entire period of their studies then the same ruling as one’s hometown (watan) applies after moving there. Thus, they must perform full prayers and fast. However, based on obligatory precaution, they must combine performing shortened and full prayers and fasting and making it up during the first two weeks. To avoid abiding by this precaution, they can intend to stay for ten days and would then observe fasting and perform prayers in full from the first day they settle near their university.

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